How To Trim Large Branches

After many years protecting nature’s giants, I’ve learned that trimming large branches is a delicate art. It’s not just about looks — it’s about safeguarding an entire ecosystem. Mishandling those hefty limbs can invite a host of problems, but with the right DIY approach, you’ll keep your trees healthy and strong. It’s far easier to trim correctly than to deal with a dying tree. In this article, I’ll share a simple three-step process that’ll have you pruning like a pro.

How Trees Heal

The truth is that trees don’t actually heal like humans do. When you cut off a tree branch, the tree forms a special callous tissue (like a scar) that covers the wound to keep out disease and decay. That scarred part of the tree will be there forever, sealed off so that the rest of the tree can keep growing. Pruning trees correctly is very important, so it’s best not to mess with this process. If we prune the tree wrong, it will be weak and could get sick easily.

After your prune, bumps show well-healed pruning scars. A donut-shaped scar is normal, too. The callous tissue grows from the outside edges toward the center, so it’s still sealing over.

How To Cut a Tree Limb

When trimming trees, you need to know how prune the limbs first. Proper pruning of large tree limbs involves these three step by step cuts:

• Cut #1: Notch Cut: For your first cut, cut a small notch in the bottom of the limb, 2 to 3 feet away from the trunk, and about a quarter of the way through. This notch will keep the bark from splitting when you make the next cut.

• Cut #2, Relief Cut: Just outside the notch, make a relief cut completely through the branch. This removes the weight of the branch so that you can make your final cut without the branch splitting and falling.

• Cut #3, Final Cut: This is the one that matters. Your final cut should be right where the branch collar (that swollen bump) transitions to smooth branch bark. Follow the slant of the branch collar. If you can’t fit your saw or chainsaw at the right angle, then cut it from the bottom up.

Common Tree Trimming Mistakes

Don’t make these mistakes when trimming or pruning your tree.

Cutting the Branch Too Short

I used to think that branches should be cut off flush with the trunk, but I was wrong. The branch collar is responsible for forming the scar tissue. If you cut into the branch collar, the tree will have a much harder time recovering. When you see rotten holes in tree trunks or seeping wounds, you’re looking at the aftermath of cutting off the branch collar.

Leaving the Branch Too Long

The branch collar on the trunk can only do its job of allowing the wound to heal if all of the branches that it has to cover over have been removed while leaving the branch collar itself intact. Before tree trimming, if you don’t cut the branches before cutting them, you could break off the branches. This can cause substantial damage to the trunk and make the wound on the trunk susceptible to disease and insect infestation. Or, it could take much longer to heal.

How Do You Shape a Tree?

Shaping a tree is an art that combines aesthetics with the science of tree health. Here are some key points to remember when shaping your trees:

• Understand the tree’s natural form: Before you start, observe the tree’s natural growth pattern. Each species has its own characteristic shape, and working with this natural form will yield the best results.
• Plan: Visualize how you want the tree to look in the future. Remember that trees grow slowly, so your shaping efforts should expect growth over the years.
• Start young: It’s easier to shape a young tree than to drastically alter a mature one. Begin training your tree early for the best long-term results.
• Use directional pruning: Cut branches back to a bud or lateral branch that’s growing in the direction you want new growth to take. This technique, known as directional pruning, allows you to guide the tree’s future growth.
• Maintain the central leader: For trees that naturally have a strong central trunk (like many conifers), maintain this central leader to preserve the tree’s natural form.
• Balance the crown: Aim for an even distribution of branches around the trunk. This not only looks better but also promotes healthier growth.
• Avoid topping: Never cut off the top of the tree to control its height. This practice, known as topping, severely damages the tree and leads to weak, unsightly growth.
• Be patient: Shaping a tree is a gradual process. Don’t try to achieve your desired shape in one pruning session. Instead, work slowly over several seasons.
• Consider professional help: For large or valuable trees, or if you’re unsure about the process, consider hiring a certified arborist. They have the expertise to shape trees while maintaining their health and structural integrity.

Remember, shaping is not just about making a beautiful tree, but also about helping your tree to grow well. This will keep your tree looking good and strong for years to come.

Final Thoughts on Trimming Large Trees

Proper tree trimming is essential for maintaining healthy, attractive, and safe trees. By understanding how trees heal, using the correct cutting techniques, and considering factors like timing and safety, you can effectively care for your trees. When dealing with large trees or high branches, it’s often best to consult a professional arborist.