The roof is one of your home’s most important parts — after all, it covers your head and protects you from the elements. That’s why it’s important to understand common issues that can undermine your roof’s protection and know when it’s time to repair the roof.
Take a look at three common issues with roofs and how to make emergency repairs.
1. Missing or Damaged Shingles
If your shingles are damaged, you might not need to replace all of them. The extent of the damage will determine if a full replacement is necessary. Some shingles may be missing due to extreme weather conditions, animal activity, or the wearing away of the protective surface. In some cases, shingles may crack, break, or fall apart.
To protect your shingles, remove any debris, including snow and branches. Partial shingle replacement can also help prolong the life of your roof and delay the need for a full replacement.
How to replace a roof shingle:
If you need to replace a damaged asphalt roof shingle, you can follow these steps:
- Insert a putty knife beneath and above the damaged shingle to break the seal holding it down.
- Use a flat bar to pry up the damaged shingle and remove the nails. Be careful not to damage the shingle above it.
- Once you remove the entire piece, slide the new shingle in place and secure it under the shingle above with 7/8-inch roofing nails.
After replacing the damaged shingle, lift the tab and apply roof cement to seal the shingles. This will prevent moisture from seeping under the shingles, which could cause further damage.
When replacing shingles, match the existing shingle’s color, style, and material as closely as possible to achieve a uniform appearance. You may need to take a sample shingle to the store. While you’re there, you may want to purchase extra replacement shingles for future repairs.
2. Damaged Flashing
Flashing is the material used to prevent water from penetrating the area between objects and the roof. You may have seen metallic or plastic strips around a skylight or chimney — that’s flashing.
Neglecting any flashing issues can lead to moisture damage and even mold formation in the upper floors and attic. If your chimney flashing is damaged, you may notice moisture stains or drips near the chimney, typically on the ceiling below.
To repair damaged roof flashing, follow these simple steps:
- Check for gaps in the flashing to find the source of the leak.
- Lift the loose flashing sections carefully and apply fresh roof cement underneath.
- Press the flashing back into place and apply another layer of cement over the seams for a tight seal.
If the flashing is very deteriorated, it may require a full replacement by a roofer who has quality flashing material and can integrate it properly.
Make sure to inspect flashing annually and after major storms. Catching small problems early will make repairs easier.
3. Punctures
During a storm, falling tree limbs, hail, or other damage can puncture your roof and require repairs. It’s important to minimize water damage before making permanent repairs. Here are some steps to secure a tarp over damaged roof areas:
- Find the source of the leak.
- Stretch a tarp flat over the damaged area, making sure there’s plenty of overlap.
- Extend the tarp edge over the roof ridge to anchor it if possible.
- Position 1-by-2 lumber pieces vertically on the tarp, running down the roof slope.
- Attach them through the tarp into the roof decking with eight penny nails, about every 16 inches.
- Use felt roofing nails and plastic washers to further secure tarp edges without ripping.
A tarp can provide temporary protection until permanent repairs can be made to your roof. However, if the repair is complicated, it’s always best to call a professional roofer. They will usually install sheathing over your roof first and then reframe it.
If the puncture is small, they can temporarily repair it with caulk. However, caulk won’t last forever, and moisture can still penetrate it over time, causing further damage. In the case of major punctures, full shingle replacement is almost always required.
When repairing a roof, always be cautious, as working on a rooftop can be very dangerous. If you’re not confident in your skills, hire a professional to avoid injury.
Knowing When It’s Time for Roof Replacement
Asphalt shingle roofs typically last 15-20 years, while wood shake roofs last up to 30 years. However, metal roofs, mimicking shingles or shakes, often last 40-60 years.
Consider your budget, roofing material, and the expected lifespan of your roof when deciding whether to replace or repair it. It’s important not to delay repairs once problems appear, as this can lead to further damage.
Some indications that it may be time to replace your roof include:
- Moisture damage and stains in the attic and ceiling
- Leaks in multiple locations despite previous repairs
- Multiple layers of roofing material already in place
- Noticeable roof sagging
- Asphalt shingle roof that’s over 15 years old
- Significant shingle curling, cracking, or granule loss
If you need to replace your roof, it’s important to hire a professional roofer who can remove the old roofing and properly install a new one that’s watertight. The cost of replacing a roof ranges from $6,000 to $12,000, depending on the size, materials used, and location.
I recommend getting quotes from multiple roofers and reading online customer reviews before making a final decision.
So, Is Roof Maintenance and Repair Worth the Effort and Cost?
Regular roof maintenance and timely repairs are critical for homeowners. Although shingles, flashing, and other materials are water-resistant, they degrade over time. Damage can allow water intrusion, leading to costly interior repairs.
Minor issues like a few damaged shingles are often DIY repairs. However, a professional roofer is advisable for major damage or replacement. A new roof is a major investment in protecting your home.
Stay ahead of damage with annual roof inspections before rainy seasons. Address issues early and make minor repairs right away. With regular maintenance, your roof can reliably protect your home for decades before needing a full replacement.
FAQs About Roof Repairs
Should I walk on my roof to inspect it?
It’s best to leave roof inspections to professionals when possible. They have proper safety equipment and know how to safely navigate rooftops.
How much do roof repairs typically cost?
Costs vary heavily depending on the repair needed. Replacing a few shingles could be a DIY job under $50. But replacing large sections or all flashing could cost between $150 and $1,000 and require a roofer. Make sure to compare multiple quotes to get the best deal.
When is full roof replacement better than repairing?
If the roof is over 15–20 years old and needs repairs in multiple areas, replacement may make more sense than continuing sporadic repairs. Homeowners should also consider a replacement if there are two or more layers of roofing.
*Costs in this article are sourced from contractor estimates used by Fixr and Angi.
