Copper piping has been the gold standard for years among plumbers. Its only known safety-related drawback came from lead-based solder used in the joints, which is now banned. Still, innovation ran its course, and plastic piping is now an equally popular option.
With all the scrutiny around plastics these days, however, you might be wondering whether it’s safe to use for your plumbing system. We’ll answer your questions in this guide so you can choose the right material.
Types of Plastic Water Pipes
Before we discuss the safety concerns around plastic piping, it might be helpful to explain the differences between each type. They all have their own characteristics and use cases for different areas of a home.
These are the three main plastic plumbing types:
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): PVC pipes are commonly used for cold water supply lines. They’re lightweight, durable, and resistant to corrosion. While they have had safety concerns in the past, technology has improved the material, made it more resistant to chemical reactions, and optimized its durability against external pressures.
- Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC): CPVC pipes are an upgraded version of PVC used for both hot and cold water systems. Thanks to the additional chlorination, they’re more resistant to degrading over time and can withstand temperatures up to 200°F. These pipes are also more flexible than traditional PVC, which makes it easier to install them in tight spaces.
- Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX): PEX tubing is a flexible plastic pipe that’s becoming many plumbers’ material of choice. It’s resistant to freezing and useful for both hot and cold water lines. Since it’s so flexible, there’s less need for joints and fittings in the installation process. It’s also highly resistant to scale, doesn’t corrode, and won’t develop pinholes.
Safety Concerns and Regulations
Safety issues with plastic water pipes mainly concern products made before 1977. These concerns stemmed from additives related to the manufacturing process. Thankfully, stringent regulations have improved the safety climate for modern products. If you’re shopping for plastic piping, look for an NSF-61 or NSF-PW model. The National Science Foundation has verified they passed testing against chemical leakage and are fit to carry potable water.
Another recent safety concern is that plastic particles are potentially leaching into the water supply. Modern plastics are designed to minimize this risk, though some homeowners may notice a slight plastic taste in their water, especially with newly installed pipes. The scientific community is continuing to explore the long-term effects of leaching. Until then, flush out all new plastic pipes by letting water run for a few minutes. That can help eliminate the initial taste and any lingering residue.
In short, there’s no compelling evidence right now of health risks from drinking water from modern PVC or CPVC plumbing.
Environmental Considerations
Eco-conscious homeowners may also consider the environmental impact of plastic pipes in addition to safety concerns. They’re not the most environmentally friendly pipes out there. Plastic is, fundamentally, a product of oil, and there are limited recycling options for these materials. This will improve over time as researchers find more sustainable manufacturing practices, improved bio-based materials, and better recycling methods.
That being said, plastic pipes can still make homes more energy efficient since their insulating properties can help cut down on heat loss. They also have a long lifespan that can reduce the need for frequent replacements.
Alternatives to Plastic Water Pipes
We see no cause for concern on the safety of plastic piping and tubing. However, if you still have safety concerns, here are a few alternatives or add-ons:
- Copper pipes: Copper pipes are still a naturally antimicrobial, durable choice. They’re also 100% recyclable compared to plastic piping. However, they can be more expensive and prone to pinhole leaks in certain water conditions.
- Stainless steel pipes: Stainless steel is a durable plumbing material that’s resistant to corrosion. It’s often used commercially but can be a good choice for residential plumbing if you live in an area with poor water quality. However, it’s much heavier and more expensive compared to plastic.
- Water filtration systems: A reverse osmosis system to filter drinking and cooking water can help ease any concerns you have about existing plastic piping. These systems aren’t perfect, but they can remove contaminants and improve your water’s taste and odor.
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