Basil is a versatile and aromatic favorite that’s great for first-time plant parents and experienced gardeners alike. Whether you’re planning your herb garden, you have a few basil plants, or you already have an abundance threatening to go to seed, knowing how to properly harvest and use this fragrant herb can both punch up your weeknight cooking and help you make the most of your garden’s bounty. This guide will walk you through the best way to grow, harvest, and use basil in your kitchen, plus provide tips on preserving it for future use.
How to Grow Basil
Basil is a must-have for any herb garden, valued for its delightful aroma and versatility in the kitchen. Here’s how to get the most out of growing basil.
Which Basil Variety Should You Grow?
There are several varieties of basil, each with unique flavors and uses. Sweet basil is popular in Italian dishes, while Thai basil is a staple in Asian cuisine. For a twist, try lemon basil or purple basil to add color to your garden and citrus notes to your dishes.
When Is the Best Time to Plant Basil?
Basil thrives in warm weather and does not tolerate frost. For best results, plant basil after the danger of frost has passed, or start seeds indoors about six weeks before the last expected frost. Basil loves sunlight, so choose a spot that gets at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day.
Soil and Watering
Basil prefers rich, well-drained soil with a neutral pH. Amend your garden soil with compost or a balanced fertilizer to encourage robust growth. Water basil regularly to keep the soil moist but not soggy. Overwatering or poor drainage can lead to root rot.
Temperature and Care
Basil grows best in temperatures between 70°F and 80°F. If temperatures drop below 50°F, consider protecting plants with a cover or moving containers indoors. Pinch off the top sets of leaves once the plant reaches about 6 inches tall to encourage bushier growth and prevent early flowering.
How To Manage Pest Near Your Basil Plant?
Keep an eye out for common pests like aphids, spider mites, and Japanese beetles. Use organic pesticides or introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs to manage pests without harming your plants.
When and How to Harvest Basil
Harvesting basil is a straightforward process that requires attention to timing and technique to maximize yield and keep your plants healthy. Here’s how to make the most of your basil harvest.
When to Harvest
Morning is generally the ideal time to harvest basil, as the leaves are at their freshest and most flavorful. However, don’t let timing deter you from picking basil whenever you need it for a recipe. The plant is resilient and will continue to grow as long as it’s harvested properly. Keep an eye on your plants, watching for signs of flowering, as this can alter the taste of the leaves.
Harvesting Small Amounts of Basil
For day-to-day use, it’s best to pick a few leaves from each plant rather than cutting off entire stems. This method allows the plant to continue growing and produce new leaves. While harvesting, periodically pinch off the branch tips to encourage the plant to fill out and become bushier. Additionally, remove any flower buds you see, as allowing the plant to flower can change the flavor of the leaves. These buds can be discarded or used as a garnish if desired.
Harvesting Larger Amounts of Basil
When harvesting larger quantities of basil, cut back up to a third of the total plant height, starting from the top down. It’s crucial to cut or pinch right above a leaf pair rather than leaving a stub. This technique promotes new growth and keeps the plant healthy. With proper care, basil plants will be ready for another harvest in a few weeks. When planning a significant harvest, consider coordinating it with a cooking or preservation session to make the best use of the fresh leaves.
Final Harvest
As the growing season comes to an end, typically before the first frost, it’s time for the final harvest. Cut the stems down to the ground and pick off all the leaves. The stems can be added to the compost pile, while the leaves can be brought indoors for an afternoon of cooking and preserving. Use this opportunity to prepare your basil for the colder months ahead, ensuring that none of your harvest goes to waste.
Preparing Harvested Basil for Use
Once your basil is harvested, it’s time to prep it properly for use in cooking or preservation. Take these steps to ensure your leaves are clean, fresh, and ready to use.
- Remove the leaves from the stems: Gently pick the leaves off the stems, being careful not to bruise them, which can cause them to darken and spoil more quickly.
- Discard any dead or spotted leaves: To ensure the best quality, remove any leaves that show signs of browning or spots.
- Rinse the basil thoroughly: Wash the leaves under cold running water to remove dirt and insects. A salad spinner can be useful for initial drying.
- Allow it to air dry or pat dry with a towel: Moisture is the enemy of fresh basil, so be sure leaves are completely dry before storing or using.
Creative Ways to Use Fresh Basil
Fresh basil is a versatile herb that can add a burst of flavor to many dishes.
Pasta Dishes
Basil is a staple in many pasta recipes, adding a fresh and aromatic touch to both hot and cold dishes. Whether you prefer a minty, subtle taste or a more citrusy and spicy flavor, there’s a basil variety to suit every palate. Try adding torn basil leaves to a simple spaghetti with olive oil and garlic, or use it as a key ingredient in a homemade pesto sauce.
Salads and Appetizers
Fresh basil can elevate simple salads and appetizers, too. A classic Caprese salad, made with sliced tomatoes, fresh mozzarella, and basil leaves, is a perfect example of how this herb can shine in a simple dish. You can also add chopped basil to green salads and grain salads, or use whole leaves as a garnish for soups and appetizers. Experiment with basil vinaigrette, a tangy dressing that enhances the flavors of leafy greens and roasted vegetables.
Pizza and Sandwiches
Nothing beats the warm, comforting taste of a margherita pizza topped with fresh basil leaves. The herb can also add a delicious twist to sandwiches and wraps. Try adding a few basil leaves to your next grilled cheese sandwich or turkey wrap for an extra burst of flavor. For a gourmet touch, consider basil aioli, a flavored mayonnaise that can be spread on sandwiches or used as a dip.
Beverages
Basil can be used to create refreshing summer drinks. Try muddling basil leaves with lime and sugar, then adding soda water for a refreshing non-alcoholic beverage. For cocktail enthusiasts, basil pairs well with gin or vodka in mixed drinks. Consider creating a basil julep or a basil-infused lemonade for a unique twist on classic beverages.
Basil Tea
For a soothing and aromatic drink, try making fresh basil tea:
- Pour 1 cup of boiling water over two tablespoons of chopped basil.
- Steep for five minutes.
- Sweeten with raw honey to taste.
Tulsi, or Holy Basil, is particularly popular for tea. It’s considered a sacred and healing herb in India, and Tulsi tea is often consumed as a stress-relieving and health-promoting tonic.
Preserving Basil for Future Use
When your basil plants are producing more than you can use fresh, it’s time to consider preservation methods. Properly preserved basil can provide that garden-fresh flavor long after the growing season has ended.
Freezing Basil
Freezing is an excellent method for preserving basil’s flavor. Here are two popular freezing methods:
- Whole Leaves: Pack fresh basil leaves tightly in an airtight container or plastic bag. When needed, simply break off chunks for use in recipes.
- Ice Cube Method: Chop basil and place it in ice cube trays. Cover with water or olive oil and freeze. These cubes are perfect for dropping into soups, sauces, or stews.
Both methods help retain basil’s vibrant green color and intense flavor, making them favorites among home gardeners.
Drying Basil
Drying basil is another great preservation method that concentrates the herb’s flavor. Here’s how to do it:
- Hang stems in bunches or spread leaves out on a tray in a dark, well-ventilated room.
- Allow the basil to dry for about a week, or until the leaves are crisp and crumbly.
- Once dry, crumble the leaves into an airtight container.
Dried basil can last for several months when stored properly and is excellent for use in spice blends, marinades, and dry rubs. Protect dried basil from light and humidity by storing it in a dark, cool pantry.
Basil-Infused Oil
Creating basil-infused oil is another way to preserve the herb’s flavor:
- Blanch basil leaves in boiling water for a few seconds, then immediately plunge into ice water.
- Dry thoroughly and blend with olive oil.
- Store in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to one week.
This flavored oil is perfect for drizzling over salads, pasta, or using as a dipping oil for bread. Basil-infused oil can also be a thoughtful gift, packaged in a decorative bottle.
Other Uses for Basil
While basil is primarily known for its culinary uses, it has other applications that can enhance your home and lifestyle.
Aromatherapy and Fragrance
Basil’s strong, pleasant aroma makes it an excellent choice for natural fragrances. You can add dried basil to potpourri, create sachets for drawers or closets, or use basil essential oil in a diffuser for a fresh, clean scent throughout your home. Its invigorating aroma can boost energy and focus, making it a popular choice for homemade candles and soaps.
Natural Cleaning Products
The antimicrobial properties of basil make it a great addition to homemade cleaning products. Try adding a few drops of basil essential oil to a vinegar-based all-purpose cleaner for a natural, fresh-smelling alternative to commercial cleaners. Basil’s natural properties will enhance cleaning power and leave surfaces with a light, botanical scent.
Garden Companion Planting
In the garden, basil can serve as a beneficial companion plant. Basil can repel certain pests and can improve the growth and flavor of neighboring plants, particularly tomatoes and peppers. Plant basil near these vegetables to take advantage of its benefits, aiding in an all-natural pest control method that is both effective and environmentally friendly.
