Growing pomegranates from seed is relatively simple and can result in beautiful, fruit-bearing trees. This guide walks you through the process of growing pomegranate plants, from selecting the right seeds to caring for young saplings. With a little patience and the right conditions, you can enjoy homegrown pomegranates in your backyard.
About Pomegranates
Pomegranate trees are hardy plants that thrive in warm climates. These deciduous shrubs or small trees are known for their vibrant red fruits filled with juicy seed pods called arils. Pomegranates are not only delicious but also packed with vitamins and potent antioxidants.
Growing Zones and Climate Requirements
Pomegranates typically grow best in USDA hardiness zones 8-10, though some variants are more cold-resistant than others. They usually require full sun exposure and well-drained soil to thrive. Once established, pomegranate plants are relatively drought-tolerant, making them well-suited for mild desert climates.
With proper care, pomegranates can adapt to various soil types and conditions. They can thrive in sandy soil, loamy soil, and even clay soil with adequate drainage. Additionally, their tolerance for salinity makes them ideal for areas where other plants might struggle.
Time to Fruit Production
A new pomegranate plant may take 3–5 years to produce fruit. During the initial growing years, the plant focuses on establishing a robust root system and strong vegetative growth. Providing the young tree with optimal conditions is essential for healthy development. The first fruits might be smaller and less abundant, but as the tree matures, the yield and quality improve.
Selecting Pomegranate Seeds
Choosing the right seeds is crucial for successful pomegranate cultivation. While you can grow pomegranates from store-bought fruit, many pomegranates found in grocery stores are hybrids, which means their seeds may not produce fruits identical to the parent plant. For a sure result, use seeds from heirloom varieties or purchase seeds from reputable gardening suppliers.
When choosing an heirloom variety, research each type’s characteristics and growth habits. Some heirloom pomegranates are known for their sweetness, while others might have a tangier flavor profile. Knowing these details helps you select the best variety for your tastes and local growing conditions.
Preparing Seeds for Planting
If you are using seeds from a fresh pomegranate, prepare them for planting as follows:
- Scoop out seeds from a ripe pomegranate.
- Squeeze the seeds in a paper towel to break the aril and absorb the liquid.
- Remove the remaining pulp by rinsing the seeds in cool water.
- Gently rub the seeds with a paper towel to clean them thoroughly.
- Allow the seeds to dry for a few days to prevent rotting.
Stratification (Optional)
While pomegranate seeds do not require stratification (a period of cold treatment) to germinate, some gardeners find it can improve germination rates. Here’s how to stratify the seeds:
- Place the cleaned seeds in a damp paper towel.
- Place the paper towel in a plastic bag and seal it.
- Refrigerate the bag for 4-6 weeks.
- After stratification, plant the seeds as usual.
How To Plant Pomegranate Seeds
Planting pomegranate seeds is a straightforward process that can be done inside or outside, depending on your climate and time of year.
Best Time to Plant
For best results, start pomegranate seeds indoors in mid-winter. This timing allows the seedlings to grow for a couple of months before the spring planting season. The extended indoor growing period helps seedlings develop strong roots and vigorous growth, making them better prepared for transplanting outdoors when the weather warms up. In warmer climates, you can plant seeds directly outdoors in spring after the last frost.
Planting Process
Follow these steps to plant pomegranate seeds:
- Fill small pots with lightweight, seed-starting potting soil.
- Plant the seeds ¼ inch into the soil.
- Water the soil gently to keep it moist but not waterlogged.
- Place the pots under grow lights or in a warm, sunny spot.
- Cover the pots loosely with clear plastic bags for added humidity and warmth during winter until the seeds sprout.
- Maintain consistent moisture and temperature to encourage strong and uniform germination.
- In approximately 6-10 weeks, the seeds should begin to sprout.
Caring for Pomegranate Seedlings
Once the pomegranate seeds have germinated, proper care is essential for healthy growth.
Watering and Sunlight
Pomegranate seedlings require plenty of sunlight, so put them in a sunny window or under grow lights for at least 6 hours per day. Seedlings are particularly sensitive to overwatering, which can cause root rot and fungal issues. Insert your finger about 1 inch deep in the soil to check moisture levels. If it feels dry, it’s time to water.
Temperature and Humidity
Maintain a warm temperature between 75–85°F (23–29°C) for optimal growth. If you use plastic bags for humidity, remove them once seedlings emerge to prevent mold growth.
Humidity levels can impact seedling growth, especially in drier climates. Using a humidity dome or placing a shallow tray of water near the seedlings helps maintain adequate humidity levels. Monitor humidity closely to prevent mold and mildew.
Transplanting Pomegranate Seedlings
As the pomegranate seedlings grow, you’ll need to move them to larger containers or transplant them outdoors.
When to Transplant
Transplant seedlings to larger pots when they outgrow their current containers, typically when they’re 3–4 inches tall. For outdoor planting, wait until the seedlings are at least 6 inches tall and the last frost has passed.
Hardening Off
Before moving seedlings outdoors permanently, they need to acclimate gradually to outdoor conditions. This process, called hardening off, involves placing plants outdoors for increasing periods over 7–10 days.
Hardening off is a critical step in preparing seedlings for the outdoor environment. Sudden exposure to direct sunlight, wind, and varying temperatures can stress young plants. Gradually increasing their exposure helps build resilience and reduces the risk of transplant shock.
Transplanting Process
Follow these steps to transplant pomegranate seedlings:
- Choose a sunny location with well-drained soil.
- Dig a hole larger than the root ball.
- Gently remove the seedling from its container and place it in the hole.
- Backfill with soil, ensuring the plant is at the same depth as it was in the container.
- Water the seedling thoroughly and mulch around the base.
Mulching newly transplanted seedlings helps conserve moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Organic mulch, including straw, leaves, and wood chips, works well and gradually improves soil quality as it decomposes.
Ongoing Care for Young Pomegranate Plants
As pomegranate plants grow, they require ongoing care for healthy development and fruit production.
Watering
Water young pomegranate plants deeply once a week and let the soil dry slightly between waterings. Deep watering encourages your pomegranate tree’s roots to grow deeper into the soil, enhancing the plant’s drought tolerance. Avoid shallow, frequent watering, as it can lead to surface root development and increased susceptibility to drought stress.
Fertilizing
Pomegranates require very little fertilization unless your soil doesn’t hold nutrients well. Too much fertilizer can lead to poor fruit quality and cause fruit to drop prematurely, so less is more. Apply fertilizer in late winter or early spring before its fruiting season. Applying fertilizer too late can cause the fruit to mature late.
You don’t need to fertilize your pomegranate plants during the first year. Starting the second year, you can use a balanced, slow-release liquid fertilizer formulated for fruit trees. Follow the manufacturer’s dilution recommendations. You can also fertilize with organic plant food or compost.
Pruning
Prune pomegranate plants in late winter or early spring before new growth begins but after the risk of frost has passed. Remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches to maintain an open structure and encourage fruit production.
Regular pruning helps improve air circulation and light penetration within the canopy, reducing the risk of fungal diseases. During the first few years, focus on shaping the tree and encouraging a strong framework of main branches.
Winter Protection
In colder regions, protect young pomegranate plants during winter by wrapping them in burlap or moving container-grown plants to a sheltered location. For in-ground plants, apply a thick layer of mulch around the base to insulate the roots from freezing temperatures. Mulching and wrapping young plants helps them survive harsh winter conditions.
Common Challenges and Solutions
Growing pomegranates from seed can present some challenges such as pests, diseases, and pollination.
Pest Control
Regularly inspecting plants for pest activity helps catch infestations early, making them easier to manage. Monitor plants for common pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects.
Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed. Natural predators such as lacewings and ladybugs can also help control pest populations.
Disease Prevention
Planting pomegranates with adequate spacing ensures proper air circulation, reducing the risk of fungal diseases. Prune the plants regularly and avoid overhead watering. Use drip irrigation or soaker hoses to direct water to the soil. This keeps foliage dry and minimizes disease risk. If a fungal disease takes hold, remove infected plant material promptly to prevent spread.
Pollination
While pomegranates are self-fertile, cross-pollination can increase fruit yield and size. Plant multiple trees or hand-pollinate flowers using a small brush. This mimics the natural process carried out by insects and ensures successful fertilization.
