Synthetic stucco, also known as Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS), has become a popular alternative to traditional stucco for both residential and commercial buildings. This versatile exterior cladding system offers a range of benefits, from energy efficiency to design flexibility. However, like any building material, it comes with its own set of pros and cons that homeowners should consider before making a decision.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore what synthetic stucco is, its advantages and disadvantages, types, costs, and alternatives. We’ll also provide practical tips on maintenance and cleaning to help homeowners make informed decisions about their exterior cladding options.
What Is Synthetic Stucco?
Synthetic stucco, or EIFS, is a non-load-bearing exterior wall cladding system that consists of three main components: a foam plastic insulation board, a water-resistant base coat reinforced with fiberglass mesh, and a top-coat finish that mimics the appearance of stucco.
This multi-layered system was developed in Europe after World War II to retrofit buildings with damaged masonry walls. It gained popularity in the United States during the late 1960s, initially used primarily on commercial buildings due to its insulating properties and cost-effectiveness.
In the early 1980s, synthetic stucco made its way into the residential market, commonly installed over wood frame construction. Today, it’s widely used as an alternative to traditional stucco, offering enhanced energy efficiency, weather protection, and moisture control.
The most common method to check if you have synthetic stucco or EFIS is to touch the exterior wall and feel the material is plastic. You may also do the knock test, and if it sounds hollow and thin, it’s most likely synthetic stucco.Â
Advantages and Disadvantages of Synthetic Stucco
Like any building material, synthetic stucco has its strengths and weaknesses. Understanding these can help homeowners make an informed decision about whether it’s the right choice for their home.
Types of Synthetic Stucco
There are two main types of synthetic stucco systems: barrier systems and drainage systems. Understanding the differences can help homeowners choose the best option for their climate and building needs.
Barrier EIFS Wall System
The barrier system relies on the outer layers of the EIFS to prevent water infiltration. It uses sealants and flashings to resist water and moisture penetration. While effective when properly installed and maintained, this system can be problematic if water finds its way behind the surface.
EIFS Drainage System
The drainage system includes a water-resistive barrier behind the insulation layer. This creates a pathway for any water that might penetrate the outer layers to drain out, reducing the risk of moisture-related damage. This system is often recommended in areas with high rainfall or humidity.Â
How Long Does Synthetic Stucco Last?
When properly installed and maintained, synthetic stucco can last 20 to 50 years before needing replacement, depending on environmental conditions and maintenance. Its durability and resistance to cracking contribute to its longevity. However, to maintain its aesthetic appeal, it’s recommended to repaint synthetic stucco every five to seven years.
Regular maintenance is key to maximizing the lifespan of synthetic stucco. Regular inspections are important to catch signs of water damage or moisture intrusion before they become a problem. Prompt cleaning and periodic cleaning are key to maximizing the longevity of your stucco.
How to Clean Synthetic Stucco
Proper cleaning is essential for maintaining the appearance and integrity of synthetic stucco. Here’s a step-by-step guide for cleaning synthetic stucco:
- Prepare a cleaning solution: Mix one cup of trisodium phosphate and one quart of chlorine bleach per gallon of warm water.
- Protect nearby plants: Cover sensitive plants with tarps or plastic sheets and spray others with clean water.
- Apply the solution: Using a pump sprayer, apply the cleaning solution evenly to the stucco surface.
- Scrub gently: Use a long-handled scrub brush to clean the surface, working from top to bottom.
- Rinse thoroughly: Use a garden hose to rinse the surface, again working from top to bottom.
- Clean up: Remove protective coverings from plants and rinse them with clean water.
Remember to wear protective gear such as rubber gloves, goggles, and a mask when handling cleaning solutions.
Is Synthetic Stucco Expensive?
The cost of synthetic stucco can vary depending on factors such as the size of the project, the complexity of the installation, and the specific products used. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $7 and $12 per square foot for materials and installation.
While the initial cost may be higher compared to some other material options, the potential energy savings and reduced maintenance requirements can offset this over time.
Synthetic Stucco Alternatives
While synthetic stucco offers many benefits, it’s not the only option for exterior cladding. Understanding its alternatives can help homeowners decide the best fit for their needs.
Traditional Stucco
Traditional stucco is a time-tested exterior finish made from Portland cement, sand, limestone, and water. It’s applied directly to exterior walls over a base mesh. Advantages include fire resistance, affordability, and longevity, often lasting up to 50 years with proper maintenance. However, it’s less energy-efficient and more prone to cracking than synthetic stucco.
Luxury Vinyl Siding
Luxury vinyl siding is an engineered product made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. It offers a wide range of colors and textures and is designed to mimic the look of wood siding. It’s more affordable and easier to install than synthetic stucco but may not offer the same level of weather resistance.
Traditional Wooden Siding
Wooden siding offers a classic, natural look and is environmentally friendly. It’s easy to install and replace but requires high maintenance to prevent warping and rotting. While it provides good insulation, it’s more susceptible to fire and decay compared to synthetic stucco.
Fiber Cement Siding
Fiber cement siding, composed of cement, sand, and cellulose fibers, is a durable option growing in popularity. It emulates wood, stucco, or masonry but requires less maintenance than real wood. It’s fire-resistant, termite-proof, and can withstand harsh weather conditions. However, its installation requires specialized skills due to its weight, and it can be more expensive up-front compared to vinyl siding.
Stone Veneer Siding
Stone veneer siding provides the appearance of natural stone without the weight and cost. Made from a mixture of cement, aggregates, and iron oxides, it can be installed over various substrates. Stone veneer offers durability, aesthetic appeal, and low maintenance. The installation process, however, is labor-intensive, and improper installation can lead to moisture problems.
Final Thoughts About Synthetic Stucco
Synthetic stucco offers a unique combination of insulation, durability, and design flexibility that makes it an attractive option for many homeowners. Its ability to mimic traditional stucco while providing enhanced energy efficiency can be a significant advantage in today’s energy-conscious world.
However, the complexity of installation and potential for moisture-related issues if not properly installed means that homeowners should carefully consider their options and ensure they work with experienced professionals if they choose synthetic stucco. By weighing the pros and cons, understanding the costs involved, and considering alternatives, homeowners can make an informed decision about whether synthetic stucco is the right choice for their home’s exterior.
