Removing old linoleum flooring from your home may expose asbestos lurking below. If you’re looking to update your flooring, using proper techniques and safety procedures for removing old flooring is key for the safety of your home and everyone in it. This guide walks through the potential hazards of asbestos in old linoleum, how to identify it, and safe removal practices that can save both time and money and prioritize you’re health and safety.
Asbestos in Old Linoleum
Homes builders and flooring companies often used asbestos-containing flooring materials, including linoleum, up until the 1980s. This naturally occurring mineral was prized for its fire-resistant properties and durability. However, when you disturb it, asbestos can release microscopic fibers into the air, posing serious health risks if you inhale it.
Before starting any removal project, you must determine if asbestos is present. The age of the flooring is one factor, as linoleum installed before the 1980s is more likely to contain asbestos. Certain visual patterns or backings, such as a darker discoloration, can hint at the presence of asbestos, too. For 100% certainty, have a certified laboratory test a sample.
Health Risks of Asbestos Exposure
Exposure to asbestos fibers can lead to serious health issues, including asbestosis (a chronic lung disease), lung cancer, and mesothelioma, a rare cancer that affects the chest and abdominal linings. These conditions often take years to develop, which makes preventive measures crucial.
How To Remove Flooring With Asbestos
If you’re dealing with potential asbestos in your flooring, safety should be your top priority. While we recommend professional help, there are circumstances where homeowners can safely remove small amounts of asbestos-containing flooring themselves.
Tile Flooring Removal
Asbestos-containing tile flooring is generally considered safer to remove than sheet flooring because the asbestos fibers stay within the vinyl material. However, you must use caution when removing the flooring. Wet the tiles with water to minimize dust and use a floor scraper to carefully lift the tiles. Avoid breaking the tiles into small pieces and remove any adhesive residue with warm water and a scraper. Sanding asbestos-containing tiles or adhesive is extremely dangerous, and you should never attempt it.
Vinyl Sheet Flooring Removal
Vinyl sheet flooring is a greater hazard due to its layered structure. The paper backing often contains a higher percentage of asbestos fibers that can easily crumble. If you opt for DIY removal, keep the flooring intact as much as possible. Use a pry bar to remove large sections, including the underlayment if present. For concrete floors, using warm water to loosen the adhesive can be beneficial. Avoid separating the vinyl layer from the paper backing to reduce exposure risk. It may be best to seek professional help for vinyl sheet flooring removal if you suspect asbestos.
When To Hire a Professional for Asbestos Flooring
Consider hiring a professional if the flooring covers a large area, the material is significantly damaged or easily crumbles, or you’re uncertain about the presence of asbestos. You should also check local mandates, as you may be required to hire a professional for removal.
Professionals typically seal off the work area, use specialized equipment to filter the air, employ wet removal techniques, and properly dispose of asbestos-containing materials.
Safety Precautions for DIY Removal
If you choose to remove small amounts of asbestos-containing flooring yourself, proper safety measures are essential. Use appropriate safety gear, like a properly fitted respirator with P100 filters, disposable coveralls, gloves, and eye protection.
Before starting any removal process, seal off the work area with plastic sheeting and turn off HVAC systems to prevent air circulation. Remove all furniture and belongings from the area and cover any vents or openings.
You must properly dispose of asbestos-containing materials properly. This involves double-bagging all waste in heavy-duty plastic bags, labeling bags as containing asbestos, and contacting local waste authorities for disposal instructions.
Related reading: How to Remove and Dispose of Asbestos Siding and Roofing
Alternative Solutions for Removal
In some cases, removing asbestos-containing flooring may not be necessary. Alternatives can mitigate risks while addressing the flooring issues.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation seals the asbestos-containing material with a special coating. This can effectively prevent fiber release without removing the material entirely. It’s a practical solution for floors that are still in solid condition and where removal might pose higher risks.
Enclosure
Enclosure means covering the asbestos-containing material with a new layer of flooring or other materials. This method can be suitable when the existing flooring is in good condition. It effectively isolates asbestos-containing materials, creating a barrier against fiber release and allowing for a refreshed look without disturbing the underlying material.
Related Reading: Dealing with Asbestos Siding: Cover Over or Remove?
Legal Considerations and Regulations
Asbestos removal is subject to various regulations at federal, state, and local levels. Always verify specific regulations and certificates you need for legal and safe asbestos handling.
Federal Regulations
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides guidelines for asbestos removal. These guidelines include the notification requirements for large-scale removals, proper work practices and disposal methods, and training requirements for workers handling asbestos.
State and Local Laws
Many states and municipalities have additional requirements, such as licensing for asbestos removal contractors and specific disposal procedures. Some states and counties require permits for removal projects.
